Urolithiasis is a common problem that has been afflicted for centuries and has a high recurrence. This review covers the sixty-four (64) antiurolithiatic plants of the family Fabaceae used in 18 different countries and their historical antiurolithiatc background. Hopefully, this review will be helpful for the general public and attract the scientific world for antiurolithiatic drug discovery.

Dr. salman ahmed

Currently, there are three popular theories of corporate governance widely applied in the field of jurisprudence worldwide. They are Agency Theory, Stewardship Theory, and Stakeholder Theory. Based on these theories, the article focuses on clarifying legal issues about corporate governance, thereby suggesting solutions to the improvement of corporate governance legislation in Vietnam at present time

Iaeme

A P2P network can be an ad hoc connection- a couple of computers connected via a Universal Serial Bus to transfer files. And these networks are vulnerable to peers. The traditional security techniques are insufficient for P2P networks as they are insecure by their very nature. There’s no centralized server controlling access to shared resources in a P2P network which have unique challenges including identity management of the peers, secure reputation data management, Sybil attacks, and above all, availability of reputation data. The future actions are predicted where peers are encapsulated in its digital reputation, based on the past behaviour of the peer.Thus a peer’s reputation allows it to cooperate and prevent from malicious activities. The cryptographic protocol is coupled with selfcertification and cryptographic mechanisms for identity management and countering Sybil attack.

Dr h shaheen

Pyrazole is a nitrogen containing 5-membered heterocyclic compound containing 3 carbons& 2 nitrogen atoms in the adjacent position of ring structure and is chemically known as 1, 2- diazole. Pyrazole nucleus is present in many pharmaceutically important compounds and intermediates . Majority of anti-inflammatory agents currently employed have GI irritation and enhanced acidity as side effects. As part of our efforts to develop newer and effective anti-inflammatory agents , ten newer pyrazole carbaldehydes were synthesized and evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity using Diclofenac was the standard. Out of ten compounds synthesized, all compounds exhibited comparable activity with that of the standard.Highest percentage of haemolysis was observed for Pyrazole carbaldehydes with methoxy phenyl groups as substituents. These compounds should be considered for developing as leads for newer & safer anti-inflammatory agents.

Vinod b

Abstract __ Considering the size and relevance of coffee industry to the Ethiopian economy this work presents the design, prototype development, analytical and numerical simulation as well as experimental investigation on an active solar coffee dryer. The solar collector and dryer system configuration has been optimized for minimal pressure drop by incorporating guide vanes and minimizing flow separation tendency using numerical simulation on ANSYS. The effect of air mass flow rate on optimal depth of collector, temperature rise and pressure drop were characterized including the effect of variation in solar insolation using CFD approach. By comparing different dryer configurations based on pressure drop and air flow uniformity, a new dryer configuration prototype was developed. In addition, thermal performance of the solar air heater was evaluated experimentally at three different airflow rates on a collector with corrugated absorber plate and another collector with flat absorber plate. High collector outlet temperature and efficiency were observed in a collector with corrugated absorber plate. The effect of depth of grain, moisture content on wet basis, airflow rate and humidity of air were explored for parametric sensitivity vis-à-vis drying time. Within 5 hours, coffee bean dried from 29% moisture content to 12.3% on a clear sunny day and within 7hours from 19% moisture content to 11.1% on a partially overcast day. Average thermal efficiency of the dryer was found to be 50.5% for clear sunshine day and 36.9% for partial overcast day. A good agreement has been observed between the experimental results and the CFD temperature rise predicted output with a deviation of 7.5%. Analytically predicted drying time compared with experimentally measured drying time within a 12.9% deviation. The cost -to-benefit analysis with a comparative assessment on traditional mode of coffee drying has been done and the payback period is found to be 1.03 years with significant benefits.

Tefera abera

Hemodialysis patients suffer from poor health-related quality of life which results in a higher risk of hospitalization and mortality. This study investigates the importance of pharmaceutical care and role of pharmacist for hemodialysis patients to optimize drug therapy, minimize drug related problems and thereby improving their health-related quality of life. The study was conducted to evaluate the impact of pharmaceutical care interventions on health-related quality of life of hemodialysis patients in Benghazi, Libya. Randomized control study was carried out after getting an ethical approval from the committee of the hospital. Health-related quality of life was assessed using SF-36 instrument for all the patients (n = 80). Among them, 40 patients were received the normal care along with brief medication review and counselled by pharmacists for two months. Then, health-related quality of life was assessed again for those 40 patients who received the pharmaceutical care. Data was analyzed using an appropriate methods. The results showed that the quality of life for hemodialysis patients was poor in both physical and emotional aspects. After implementation of appropriate pharmaceutical care to the patients, their quality of life improved significantly. Health-related quality of life is an important determinant of treatment effectiveness in dialysis patients

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Autophagy is a self-digesting mechanism responsible for removal of damaged organelles, malformed proteins during biosynthesis, and nonfunctional long-lived proteins by lysosome. Autophagy has been divided into three general types depending on the mechanism by which intracellular materials are delivered into lysosome for degradation that is, microautophagy, chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA), and macroautophagy. In microautophagy cytoplasm material is sequestered through direct invagination to the lysosomal membrane. Whereas in CMA proteins flagged with pentapeptide motif (KFERQ) were selectively degraded through direct translocation into lysosome. Macroautophagy involves the formation of subcellular double-membrane-bound structures called autophagosomes that contain degradable contents of cytoplasm materials and deliver them into lysosomes for breakdown by lysosomal enzymes. The molecular mechanism of autophagy involves several conserved Atg (autophagy-related) proteins. Systems produce modified complexes Atg8-PE and Atg5-Atg12-Atg16 as autophagy regulators. Autophagy is activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions. For example, food deprivation, hyperthermia, and hypoxia are mediated by factors like insulin/IGF-1, m-TOR signaling, FOXO transcription factors, and chaperones. The perturbance in autophagy may lead to several types of cancers, myopathies, and neuromuscular disorders. Several autophagy inducers and inhibitors like 3-methyladenine (3-MA), bafilomycin A1, LY294002 (LY), and Velcade have been used to treat disease is an intense field of study.

Kamal singh

Konsep edutainment mencoba memadukan antara pendidikan dan hiburan, yang didalam konsep edutainment tersebut terdapat beberapa pendekatan yang lebih kita kenal sebagai SAVI (Somatik, Auditori, Visual dan Intelektual). Metode penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian Library research, yaitu jenis penelitian yang dilakukan dan difokuskan pada penelaahan, pengkajian dan pembahasan literature-literatur, baik klasik maupun modern. Literature berbahsa arab, inggris, Indonesia dan sebagainya yang ada kaitannya dengan persoalan ini. Penelitian ini bersifat analisis deskriptif. Sumber data penelitian ini yaitu: Sumber primer dari pemikiran Beby De Poter. Sumber skunder meliputi: buku, artikel atau esai yang membahas konsep edutainment, dan buku yang berkenaan dengan konsep psikologi belajar anak, serta buku pendidikan karakter, terutama karakter cinta tanah air. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan: (1) Pembelajaran Edutainment Dalam Penanaman Karakter Cinta Tanah Air Bagi Anak Usia Dini Di Sekolah Dasar, yaitu: menumbuhkan karakter cinta tanah air, memunculkan emosi minat anak seperti rasa senang dan gembira dalam pembelajaran, guru dalam menyampaikan pembelajaran di kelas harus menunjukkan sikap kepedulian terhadap peserta didik. (2) Proses Penanaman Karakter Cinta Tanah Air Bagi Anak Usia Dini Di Sekolah Dasar, yaitu: proses pembelajaran interaksi antara siswa dan guru terbangun suasana menyenangkan, fleksibiltas guru dalam menyampaikan materi menyesuaikan dengan emosi peserta didik, hubungan keakraban dan persahabatan sebagaimana teman sendiri, dan guru memberikan kebabasan berexspresi kepada perserta didik pada saat proses pembelajaran.

Educare: journal of primary education

Dr. G. Kamalakar, Pursuing Post-Doctoral Fellow ICSSR, Research Assistant, ICSSR Major Research Project, Department of History, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Open University. with a Ph.D in Political Science. He is awarded Doctorate by the Osmania University, Hyderabad, for the thesis on “WTO and GATS: Implication for the Indian Higher Education”. He is the recipient of RGNF Fellowship from the UGC and Pre-Doctoral Fellowship from OUCIP. He worked as a guest faculty at City College, Hyderabad and as a Counselor at Ambedkar Open University. He has written 3 books and edited 4 books and also published research articles in 17 UGC care list Journals. He also reviewed 11 Books and published them in UGC care list journals and sage publications. He received 7 awards including Amazing Grace Award, Pride India Award, Dr.B.R. Ambedkar Excellency Award, International Research Excellence Award, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Life Time Achievement National Award, National best Teacher Award and Vidya Bharati Award. He presented research papers in more than 24 International, National Conferences and seminars. He has published thematic research papers in 13 National and 30 International Level Peer Reviewed / Refereed Research Journals He is also the Assistant Editor to an International journal and a Member of Editorial board & Reviewer for National and International journals published from 20 countries like USA, Turkey, Syria, UK, Pakistan, China etc. and has membership in 4 various associations.

Dr gedam kamalakar

This research is the result of research that describes the implementation of the Take and Give learning model in the fifth grade social studies subject at MI Ar-Rahim, Arjasa, Jember. The learning process includes 3 stages, namely the planning, implementation, and evaluation stages. This research aims to answer. Based on the background described above, the formulation of the problems in this study are: 1. How is the preparation in implementing the Take and learning model for class V social studies subjects at MI Ar-Rahim, Arjasa District, Jember Regency? 2. What is the process of implementing the Take and Give learning model for the fifth grade social studies subject at MI Ar-Rahim, Arjasa District, Jember Regency? 3. How is the evaluation in implementing the Take and Give learning model for the fifth grade social studies subject at MI Ar-Rahim, Arjasa District, Jember Regency? The research method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques using observation, interviews and documentation. The data sources in this study were the Principal, Teachers and Grade V Students of Class V Social Studies at MI Ar-Rahim, and other supporting documents. The results of this study indicate: 1. The implementation of the Take and Give learning model in the preparation stage has fulfilled all preparations well. 2. The process of implementing learning in class makes the learning atmosphere fun and students become more active. 3. At the evaluation stage all students have reached the assessment criteria in 3 aspects of the assessment, namely attitudes, knowledge and skills Penelitian ini adalah hasil penelitian yang menggambarkan tentang implementasi model pembelajaran Take and Give pada mata pelajaran IPS kelas V di MI Ar-Rahim Kecamatan Arjasa Kabupaten Jember. Proses pembelajaran tersebut meliputi 3 tahap, yaitu tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi. Adapun penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjawab Berdasarkan latar belakang yang telah dipaparkan di atas, maka rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah: 1. Bagaimana persiapan dalam mengimplementasikan model pembelajaran Take and mata pelajaran IPS kelas V di MI Ar-Rahim Kecamatan Arjasa Kabupaten Jember? 2. Bagaimana proses dalam implementasi model pembelajaran Take and Givemata pelajaran IPS kelas V di MI Ar-Rahim Kecamatan Arjasa Kabupaten Jember? 3. Bagaimana evaluasi dalam mengimplementasikan model pembelajaran Take and Givemata pelajaran IPS kelas V di MI Ar-Rahim Kecamatan Arjasa Kabupaten Jember? Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Adapun sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah Kepala Sekolah, Guru dan Peserta didik kelas V mata pelajaran IPS kelas V di MI Ar-Rahim, dan dokumen penunjang lainnya. Hasil penelitian inimenunjukkan: 1. Implementasi model pembelajaran Take and Give pada tahap persiapan sudah memenuhi segala persiapan dengan baik. 2. Proses pelaksanaan pembelajaran dikelas membuat suasana belajar menjadi menyenangkan dan peserta didik menjadi lebih aktif. 3. Pada tahap evaluasi semua peserta didik telah mencapai kriteria penilaian dalam 3 aspek penilaian yaitu sikap, pengetahuan dan keterampilan.

Educare: journal of primary education

This study investigated the effect of health education on posture practices in reducing low back pain among patients in Rivers state, Nigeria. To achieve this, pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design was employed, and the study targeted 170 patients at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital in Nigeria. Two objectives having corresponding research questions and hypotheses guided the study, while convenience and stratified sampling techniques were used to select 50 participants, comprising 35 patients from the general outpatient clinic department and 15 patients from the spine physiotherapy unit, with 20 male and 30 female participants. Data collection was done by administering a self-structured, self-administered questionnaire, titled health education effect on ergonomic practices and low back pain, which had a reliability coefficient of 0.75. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to answer the research questions and test the hypotheses. The research found that educating patients on various methods of preventing low back pain, including healthy weight maintenance, warm-up exercises, and proper postural habits while sitting and standing, had a noteworthy impact on reducing pain. Moreover, the study also revealed that health education programmes were successful in therapeutic posture practices and reducing low back pain in patients residing in Rivers state. Therefore, the study concluded and recommended that health education interventions for functional and therapeutic posture practices are effective strategies for reducing low back pain among patients in Rivers state, and healthcare providers should incorporate these interventions into their treatment plans for patients suffering from low back pain.

Fxintegrity publishing

Penilaian autentik ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pengetahuan guru serta menggambarkantugas-tugas riil bagi siswa untuk menghasilkan pengetahuan, sikap dan keterampilan. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi dan wawancara. Focus penelitian ini (1) bagaimana penilaian kompetensi sikap pada pembelajaran tematik di MI Darussalam 01 Bagon Puger Jember? (2) bagaimana penilaian kompetensi pengetahuan pada pembelajaran tematik di MI Darussalam 01Bagon Puger Jember?, (3) bagaimana penilaian kompetensi keterampilan pada pembelajaran tematik di MI Darussalam 01 Bagon Puger Jember? Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan: (a) penilaian kompetensi sikap meliputi sikap jujur dan disiplin, dimana mudah didalam teori, namun sulit untuk menerapkannya. Tergantung dari guru favorit masing-masing, proses pembelajaran tergantung pada materi pelajarannya, dan juga berkaitan dengan nilai atau norma. (b) Penilaian kompetensi pengetahuan, meliputi: tes tulis, tes lisan, dan penugasan, baik penugasan terstruktur dan tidak terstruktur. (c) Penilaian kompetensi keterampilan meliputi: penilaian kinerja, penilaian proyek, dan penilaian portofolio.

Educare: journal of primary education

Background Covid-19 pandemic has hit many countries and put the majority of the public health system to test globally. Mandatory use of face mask was among policies set by the government to contain the spread of the novel disease. But citizens’ attitudes and compliance with these policies are important in controlling the pandemic. We assessed gender-based compliance to Covid-19 protocol (use of face mask) in Jos South, Plateau State, Nigeria. Methods Perception regarding Covid-19 and the use of face masks were assessed among participants using a questionnaire-based survey. In a cross-sectional study, ninety (n=90) questionnaires were administered to willing participants directly. A Chi-square test was used to determine the descriptive analysis of all responses, P-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Result Out of 90 participants, 55.6% (50/90) were male and 44.4%(40/90) were female. Forty-two (84%) males deny the existence of the pandemic while in females, 14 (35%) deny that Covid-19 exist. Thirty-seven (74%) of the male respondents do not comply with to use of the face mask and use a single face mask multiple times without decontamination. In females, 28 (70%) comply with the use of the face mask. Unlike the men, 20 (50%) of the females always decontaminate the face mask. The middle-aged adult (26-45 years) uses the face mask more than the young (18-25 years). There was a significant association of gender in relation to the perception of Covid-19 and the use of facemask (p< 0.05). Conclusion Male respondents showed an irresponsible attitude complying to Covid-19 protocol than the females, therefore, enlisting them as a risk factor for the continued spread of the virus. We recommend that public health awareness and campaigns should focus and employ greater influence on men and young adults in their compliance with the preventive protocols.

Bitrus inuwa

There is an upsurge in gestational diabetes mellitus with many devastating consequences for the mother and developing fetus. Insulin therapy remains a mainstay. However, insulin is expensive and comes with the pain of multiple injections. Therefore, there is a need to explore commonly administered oral hypoglycemic agents to cater for the increasing gestational diabetes mellitus-associated neurological complications. This study assesses the effects of glibenclamide, metformin and insulin on the pups’ prefrontal cortex in diabetic pregnant rats. 35 sexually matured adult female rats weighing between 120 g and 160 g were used and assigned into five groups (A to E) of seven rats each group. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (45 mg/kg and 35 mg/kg; ip). Hyperglycemic rats were treated with insulin (1.0 UI daily), metformin (200 mg/kg/day) and glibenclamide (0.6 mg/kg/day). Body weight and blood glucose levels were evaluated. Rats were sacrificed at 18-day gestation, the pups were harvested, and their brains were processed for tissue oxidative stress markers and various histological examinations. Glibenclamide and metformin caused a significant blood glucose reduction at 37.9% and 40.7%, respectively, compared to the insulin group (33.09%). There was no significant difference in the body-organ ratio in rats treated with metformin when compared to rats treated with insulin. Metformin and glibenclamide had a significant increase in tissue glutathione reductase and a decrease in malondialdehyde compared with insulin and diabetic control groups. The pups’ prefrontal cortex showed degenerated neuronal cells in the diabetic control animals. The diabetic rats treated with metformin and glibenclamide showed improved pyramidal neurons compared with diabetic and insulin groups. This study suggests that metformin and glibenclamide glycemic control may prevent and improve antioxidant enzymes and reverse some neurotoxic effects caused by streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Freeze desalination (FD) is a method in which saline water is cooled below its freezing point and freshwater is separated from the brine in the form of ice crystals. FD is relatively insensitive to the salinity of the feed solution, making it suitable for desalination of high concentration brines such as the brine rejected from the seawater desalination plants. The design of the FD system and the thermochemical behavior of the brine upon freezing are critical factors in the energy performance of this method. To date, thermochemical properties of the concentrated seawater during cooling, such as the threshold of formation of ice and salt-hydrates and their corresponding cooling load of formation, are not well known. Likewise, the optimal configuration of the FD system to achieve the maximum energy efficiency has not been investigated. This work provides comprehensive data about the cooling load of freezing of concentrated brine rejected from seawater desalination plants along with the threshold of formation of ice and salt-hydrates backed-up by validation. Furthermore, the optimal configuration of the FD system is identified and the effects of the compressor isentropic efficiency and effectiveness of the system’s heat exchangers on the work consumption of the FD system were investigated.

Aly elhefny

Dynamic capability has been used as the basis for organizations to build digital transformation to stay competitive in the market. This literature review aims to determine the significance of dynamic capability and digital transformation in family businesses. Using a systematic literature review methodology and utilizing the Dimensions database, three articles that met the criteria and fulfilled the goal of the review were selected. The findings indicate that family businesses have important dynamic capabilities that can aid their survival and expansion through digital transformation. Therefore, family business owners and managers should be able to identify and effectively use their dynamic capabilities to implement digital transformation in their business operations.

Lila maria kaban

Livestock plays a significant role in the economy of a nation but its productivity can be hampered by numerous haemoparasites thereby leading to economic losses to the livestock industry. The prevalence of haemoparasite in cattle slaughtered at the Jalingo abattoir was investigated. A total of four hundred blood samples were collected at the point of slaughter, processed, and screened for haemoparasites by examining Giemsa-stained thin blood smears. An overall prevalence of 12.25% was recorded. Four haemoparasites of cattle with prevalence rates of 5.0%, 6.75%, 0.25%, and 0.25% for Anaplasma, Babesia, Microfilaria and Trypanosoma respectively were observed. The prevalence of haemoparasite in relation to sex, revealed higher infection in females (13.75%) than in males (10.0%) which were not found statistically different (P > 0.05). All breeds encountered during the study were infected with haemoparasites with the highest prevalence of 13.91 % recorded in White Fulani, Red Bororo (10.94%), and Sokoto Gudali (10.00 %), while Adamawa Gudali had the least prevalence of 0.5%. There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of haemoparasite in relation to breeds (P > 0.05). High prevalence was observed in the young (14.29%) more than the adult (11.59%) and older (12.14%). The current study has revealed the haemoparasites status in cattle slaughtered at Jalingo abattoir. Therefore, there is a need for effective preventive and control policy of these haemoparasites to enhance livestock productivity

Bitrus inuwa

ABSTRACT The 2006 International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Radio World Conference treaty concluded that all countries should migrate from analogue to digital terrestrial television by June 2015, starting with region one countries, comprising Africa, Europe, the Middle East and the Republic of Iran (Agona & Otim, 2012). The purpose of this research was to explore the technology adoption model (TAM) to address challenges associated with digital terrestrial television migration, and analyse the readiness of South Africa to migrate. A quantitative research was conducted in order to determine the relationship between dependent and independent variables. Digital television offers many benefits for broadcasters, network operators, spectrum regulators, and consumers. In most countries, the transition was slower than expected, even though most European countries managed to migrate. The digital migration is not an easy transition and analogue switch-off can also be much more difficult. Studies have shown that analogue switch off (ASO) needs to be carefully planned and well budgeted for, and it also needs a good publicity campaign which must involve all relevant stakeholders, such as broadcasters, viewers, manufacturers, network operators, manufacturers and retailers. Even though studies conducted previously identified obstacles of digital migration to include; a) lack of awareness b) lack of information, c) influence of politics and d) influence of corruption.

Luyolo mahlangabeza

Madrasah Ibtidaiyah KAHASRI merupakan lembaga yang ditunjuk oleh Kementerian Agama RI untuk melaksanakan Kurikulum 2013 atau yang disebut K13 baik pada pembelajaran tematik maupun pembelajaran agama sesuai dengan Keputusan Direktur Jendral Pendidikan Islam Nomor 3525 tahun 2017 tentang Penetapan Pelaksanaan Kurikulum 2013. Berdasarkan latar belakang tersebut, maka fokus penelitian adalah: 1) Bagaimana perencanaan pembelajaran kurikulum 2013 di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah KAHASRI Kota Probolinggo Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019? 2) Bagaimana pelaksanaan pembelajaran kurikulum 2013 di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah KAHASRI Kota Probolinggo Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019?, 3) Bagaimana evaluasi pembelajaran kurikulum 2013 di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah KAHASRI Kota Probolinggo Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019? Hasil penelitiannya adalah: 1) Perencanaan pembelajaran K13, guru di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah KAHASRI Kota Probolinggo membuat perangkat pembelajaran berupa Kalender Pendidikan, RPE, Prota, Promes, Silabus, dan RPP. Dalam pembuatan perangkat pembelajaran ada guru yang membuat perangkat pembelajaran secara individu dan ada yang dengan bersama KKG (Kelompok Kerja Guru). (2) Pelaksanaan pembelajaran K13 di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah KAHASRI Kota Probolinggo memiliki 3 kegiatan yaitu, kegiatan pendahuluan, inti, dan penutup. Pada kegiatan pendahuluan diawali dengan memberikan apersepsi, memberikan stimulus/motivasi, menyampaikan tujuan dan manfaat pembelajaran. Pada kegiatan inti guru telah melakukan kegiatan saintifik yang meliputi kegiatan mengamati, menanya, mencoba, mengasosiasi/mengumpulkan, dan mengkomunikasikan. Pada kegiatan penutup dilakukan dengan membuat kesimpulan dari materi yang telah dipelajari, merefleksikan materi yang diajarkan, dan memberikan tindak lanjut berupa penugasan. (3) Evaluasi pembelajaran K13 di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah KAHASRI Kota Probolinggo menggunakan model penilaian autentik yang meliputi 3 aspek yaitu: aspek sikap, aspek pengetahuan, dan aspek keterampilan.

Educare: journal of primary education

This study investigated the practice of artificial fruit ripening among fruit vendors of banana, plantain, mango and pawpaw in Rivers State. The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional survey design. Two objectives, corresponding research questions and null hypotheses guided the study. The population for the study comprised all the accessible 1,810 fruit vendors in Rivers East senatorial district. A sample size of 472 fruit vendors was drawn using multi-stage sampling procedure. A validated self-structured questionnaire titled ‘Practice of Artificial Fruit Ripening’ with inter-scale reliability co- efficient of 0.896 was used as instrument for data collection. The descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions, while inferential statistics of Z-test and One-Way Analysis of Variance were used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 alpha level. It was found that fruit vendors in Rivers State sometimes practiced artificial fruit ripening using chemical and non-chemical methods. It was also discovered that regardless of their level of education and years of experience in the fruit business, the fruit vendors sometimes indulged in unhealthy practice of artificial fruit ripening. More so, the study revealed significant difference in practice among the fruit vendors in Rivers State based on level of education and years of experience. Based on the findings, it was concluded that the current practice of artificial fruit ripening in Rivers State is not in tandem with global best practices and therefore portend danger to the wellbeing of Rivers people and other Nigerians. The study therefore recommended among others that; community health workers should carry-out regular and effective health awareness campaigns concerning the dangers of using chemicals to ripen fruits. The Government of Rivers State through the Ministry of Agriculture should organise training programmes for fruit vendors on faster, safer, and economically feasible methods of fruits ripening and other post-harvest management techniques

Fxintegrity publishing