Materials articles list

Effect of cadmium on structure and optical properties of zno nanopowders by sol-gel method

Zn1-xCdxO (x=0, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08) ternary alloys were successfully synthesized by Sol–gel method. The prepared powders were sintered at 800°C for 4hrs. The compositional, structural and optical studies were investigated by SEM equipped with EDS, XRD and UV-Visible Spectroscopy. XRD results were compared with JCPDS data and confirmed the formation of Cd doped ZnO nanoparticles with polycrystalline single phase hexagonal wurtzite structure. The crystallite size was found to decrease from 21 to 17 nm with increase in the concentration of Cd. EDS analysis revealed the existence of Cd content in ternary alloys. From Ultraviolet-visible spectral studies optical band gap vary from 3.21 eV to 3.12 eV with Cd concentration. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Selection and Peer-review under responsibility of International conference on materials research and applications-2016.

MOHAN KUMAR THUMMA KOMMA

Hierarchical temporal memory (htm)approach for fault detection in transmission line

This study was conducted to proposea hierarchical temporal memory (HTM) approach for fault detection in the Onitsha-Alaoji transmission line in Nigeria. Using a mixed research method, the study employed the Hawkins HTM model with two objectives and their corresponding research questions. The study gathered primary and secondary data to detect and evaluate faults in the Onitsha-Alaoji transmission line in Nigeria using HTM and compares its efficacy to current fault detection methods. With the use of simulation and descriptive methods of data analysis, results showed that partial discharge (PD) is the fault type that is being detected and it is commonly found as a fault leading to transmission line errors. More so, fault detection simulations were conducted at 40 km using typical power spectral density analysis. The first fundamental shifted from about 10 kHz to roughly 13 kHz during a fault. The HTM model outperformed sequence learning methods, resulting in a 90% mean test classification accuracy (CA) over extreme learning machine(ELM) and online sequential learning–extreme learning machine (OS-ELM), with OS-ELM performing poorly.The study concluded and recommended that the proposed HTM model be used to identify various PD fault types that plague the Onitsha-Alaoji transmission line in Nigeria. With the increased efficacy and reliability of the proposed model compared to existing methods, it is recommended for future implementation in this transmission line and potentially other fault-prone power transmission lines in Nigeria.

FXintegrity Publishing

Optimization of tensile and impact strength for injection moulded nylon 66/sic/b4c composites

The mechanical properties of different polymer matrix composites are discussed in this research study. These composites are multiphase materials in which reinforcing elements and a polymer matrix are suitably combined. The mechanical properties of 18 PMCs, including nylon 66 reinforced with 5, 15, and 25% wt% silicon carbide (SiC) and nylon 66 reinforced with 5, 15, and 25% wt% boron carbide (B4C), were evaluated using an injection moulding technique at three different injection pressures in this study. The optimization of process parameters like reinforcement material, reinforcement quantity, and injection pressure to maximize the tensile and impact strength of nylon 66 composites are the main focus of this study. It is observed that the specimens 25% SiC with an injection pressure of 90 MPa has optimised tensile strength, while the specimen 5% B4C with an injection pressure of 90 MPa has optimised impact strength.

Boopathy Govindarajan

Optimization of process parameters for injection moulding of nylon6/sic and nylon6/b4c polymer matrix composites

In this research study, the mechanical properties of several Polymer matrix composites are investigated. These composites are multi-phase materials in which reinforcing materials are properly mixed with a polymer matrix. More precisely, Nylon 6 reinforced with 5, 15 and 25 wt. % of silicon carbide (SiC) and Nylon 6 reinforced with 5, 15 and 25 wt. % of boron carbide (B4C), prepared by means of an injection moulding process at three different injection pressures are considered. Specific attention is paid to the tensile and impact strength of these composites. The Taguchi technique is used to optimize the process parameters such as reinforcement material, its percentage and the injection pressure. It is observed that the specimens 5% SiC with 80 MPa injection pressure display a better tensile strength and similarly the specimen 5% B4C with 90 MPa injection pressure have a superior impact strength.

Boopathy Govindarajan

Nanocoatings in medicine: revolutionizing healthcare through precision and potential

The use of nanotechnology in healthcare and medicine is crucial, particularly for nanocoatings. The therapeutic potential of nanocoatings on medical implants and devices is examined in this chapter. It goes into the ingredients, production processes, and health benefits of nanocoatings. Device functionality and biocompatibility can be enhanced by nanocoatings. They are essential in addressing healthcare issues including cardiovascular stents and orthopedic implants. Additionally, nanocoatings are used in medication delivery systems, tissue engineering, and wound healing. This chapter offers important knowledge on the medical applications of nanocoatings to experts and researchers. Nanotechnology has the potential to alter the medical industry, which would be advantageous for patients.

Boopathy Govindarajan

Feasibility and insights into the optimization and characterization of friction welded aluminum–steel dissimilar joints

This research article focuses on addressing the challenges associated with joining dissimilar metals through the application of solid-state welding techniques, specifically Friction Welding (FW). The study aims to develop optimal welding conditions, tools, and parameters for achieving a successful Aluminum–Steel (Al–Fe) butt joint. The resulting weld is extensively characterized through mechanical tests, microstructure analysis, and micro hardness measurements. Additionally, finite element analysis is conducted to simulate the behaviour of the prototype engine valve. The findings provide valuable insights into the feasibility and performance of friction welding for dissimilar metal joints, contributing to the further development and understanding of this welding technique.

Boopathy Govindarajan

Enhancing mechanical characteristics and cost-efficiency of composite materials through hybridization and nanoparticle incorporation

Lightweight materials are increasingly being used in engineering applications today. Composites are replacing traditional metallic materials in a variety of sectors, including aerospace, defence, and aircraft production, where there is a demand for structural materials with high strength-to-weight and stiffness-to-weight ratios. Natural fibre composites are also increasingly used in place of synthetic fibre composites in a variety of technical fields due to their affordability and environmental friendliness. In this particular study, Kevlar (Aramid fibres) is combined with other materials to improve the mechanical characteristics and impact resistance of composites. The only material that costs more than Kevlar is carbon fibres. The goal is to maximize mechanical qualities while utilizing the fewest amounts of pricey Kevlar fibres possible. The hand layup technique was used to create the hybrid composites, which included both natural and Aramid fibres. The performance of various mechanical properties was then assessed. In addition, a morphological examination was done to look at the interior structure of the composite materials that were examined. The results show that the hybrid composite, with or without the addition of nanoparticles, demonstrates great strength with little reliance on Kevlar fibres.

Boopathy Govindarajan

Mechanical and metallurgical properties of hybrid composite material

Tremendous growth has been incorporated in the field of composite materials in the current scenario where the engineering applications are highly demandable. Currently composites are being used to replace conventional metallic materials in a wide range of industries including aerospace, defense, aircraft, and textile which require structural materials with high strength-to-weight and stiffness-to-weight ratios. Also natural fiber composites are currently replacing synthetic fiber composites of different applications in various engineering industries due to their low cost and eco-friendly in nature. In this work, twisted kenaf, and twisted kevlar (aramid fibers) have combined together to enhance the mechanical properties and also to improve high impact resistance with less contribution of kevlar which is very high in cost categorized next to carbon fibers. Here, the hybrid composites (natural and aramid) are done by using hand layup method, and various mechanical properties have been investigated. Also, the morphological analysis is done to observe the internal structure of the tested composite. It is observed that hybrid composite has high strength with minimum contribution of kevlar fibers.

Boopathy Govindarajan

Thermogravimetric analysis of friction welding of dissimilar material

The establishment of energy-saving and natural resource-saving systems is an important issue and relevant research and development should be accomplished without delay. Making structures lighter is one way to save energy. The study of light metals such as aluminium and magnesium alloys has received much attention. Aluminium alloys are especially attractive because of superior recyclability and workability. However, present structures made of stainless steels cannot be entirely replaced with aluminium alloy structures, taking into account strength, weldability and economics, although it is possible to replace part of a structure with aluminium alloy components. In this case, it is necessary to joint SS 430F steel with Aluminium 6061. Few sound joints have been obtained, owing to the formation of a large amount of brittle intermetallic compounds which were using fusion welding. In the recent years, welding of dissimilar metals by conventional welding techniques has become difficult. The flux used for the welding will create lot of heat which reduces the strength of the welded joints. In order to overcome this, friction welding is more effective in joining dissimilar metals when compared with fusion welding, since it is a solid-state process. Heat is generated in friction welding by conversion of mechanical energy into thermal energy in the interface of work pieces during rotation under pressure. Various ferrous and non-ferrous alloys having circular or non-circular across sections and that have different thermal and mechanical properties which can be joined by the friction welding. Conventional structures made of steel have been replaced by lighter materials, capable of providing high mechanical strength, lower volume of material and good corrosion resistance components such as those used in industries (shipbuilding, light and heavy automotive, electrical, chemical, civil, space and nuclear industry).

Boopathy Govindarajan

Development and experimental characterization of fibre metal laminates to predict the fatigue life

During the last two decades, the concept of Fibre Metal Laminates (FMLs) has been evolved to find solution to the requirement of improving mechanical properties and reducing structural weight of elemental components of aircraft structures. In this work FML is prepared using Al 2024 by placing alternately with glass/carbon/aramid Fibres. From experimental results of FML shows greater advantage in mechanical properties then aluminium monolithic layer and this composite fibre laminates individual. The FMLs tested in this work were made of 3 layers of 2024 T3 aluminium alloy 0.28 mm thickness and fibre mats. The 5-3/2 laminates of size 300x300 mm with 3 mm thick were prepared using Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Moulding (VARTM) in cold compaction and test specimen were cut by using abrasive water jet machining as per ASTM Standards. The adhesion between fibre and metal layer will play a major role in strength of FML. By keeping this in consideration FMLs were prepared without blow holes and capable of withstanding delamination while preparing specimens through water jet and during various tests employed. The fracture surfaces of destructed specimens are studied with help Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image. Similarly, the numerical simulation of all the tests were done using Ansys APDL 10.0 Software. It is observed that aramid FML have substantially stronger in longitudinal directions. Hence, more priority given in this paper to investigate tensile strength and fatigue life of aramid FML.

Boopathy Govindarajan