Influenza A virus presents a significant public health burden worldwide, with the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic being the most dramatic example. Swine influenza viruses can be transmitted to humans through occupational exposures and in live pig markets. Novel variants can emerge in pigs because they can be infected by human, avian and swine strains. This study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence and serotypes of swine influenza in pigs from a major slaughter slab in southern Kaduna. Using competitive ELISA and haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) assays, 305 swine sera were analysed. The result showed an overall seroprevalence of 28.20% (n=86), with H3N2 7.87% (n=24) emerging as the most dominant subtype in circulation. Concurrent antibody detection of H1N1 in 5.26% (n=16) was also detected in boar 2.62% (n=8) and sows 2.62% (n=8). This study revealed swine Influenza H1N1 and H3N2 serotypes are in circulation in pigs in Kaduna State, and that reassortment in the instance of co-infection of swine host is possible.

Bitrus inuwa

The goal of the present study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms that underlie heart andskeletal muscle damage in male Wistar rats weighing 200–250 g in response to a 3-h exposure to 180 mm Hg(5% O2) in the model of severe hypobaric hypoxia. It has been demonstrated that the level of the cardiac bio-marker troponin I in the blood plasma of rats exposed to severe hypobaric hypoxia for 3 h increased signifi-cantly compared to the control group, indicating myocardial injury. At the same time, the administration ofthe HIF-1α transcription factor inhibitor did not affect the plasma level of troponin I. In contrast, the releaseof the non-specific biomarker myoglobin into the bloodstream did not increase in response to hypoxia com-pared to the control animals. In addition, 24 h after the exposure to severe hypobaric hypoxia the serum myo-globin level was significantly lower in animals administered with the HIF-1α inhibitor topotecan than in ratsthat did not receive topotecan. Therefore, it may be assumed that the inhibition of the HIF-1α transcriptionfactor 10 min before exposure to severe hypobaric hypoxia reduces skeletal muscle damage. The mechanismsthat affect the adaptation of heart and skeletal muscles to hypoxia are discussed.

Даниил Федоров

In the present study nanoparticles of lomustine were fabricated using chitosan polymer crosslinked with different crosslinking agents like sodium tripolyphosphate and sodium hexametaphosphate. Different formulations of nanoparticles were prepared using different concentrations of crosslinking agents and polyethylene glycol 6000. The average particle size ranged between 112 nm to 942 nm. Zeta potential of nanoparticles ranged between 29.0 mV up to 56.0 mV. Encapsulation efficiency was variable from 58%-96%. The nanoparticles were solid spherical. In vitro drug release study was carried out in phosphate buffered saline solution pH 7.4 for 10 h. The analysis of regression values of Higuchi plot suggested diffusional mechanism and follows Fick's law of diffusion. Drug polymer interaction was absent as evidenced by FT-IR spectra and DSC thermograms. With polyethylene glycol inclusion shows interaction between lomustine and PEG. Cell viability assay (MTT Assay) showed that the lomustine nanoparticles were able to reduce the tumour cell proliferation and increased cell viability significantly (p< 0.05) as compared to pure drug in L 132 human lung cancer cell line

Archana mehrotra

The kidney stones are one of the most widely spreading disorders in the world. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of ethanolic extract of Didymocarpuspedicellata and Ashwagandha for its antiurolithiatic activity in rats. Urolithiasis was induced in adult male albino wistar rats by 0.75% of ethylene glycol for 28 days. The effect of the oral administration of the ethanolicextracts has been studied and is compared with the effect of oral administration of Cystone(Himalaya) as a standard on Wistar rat. Ethylene glycol feeding resulted in hyperoxaluria as well as increased renal excretion of calciumand phosphate. Supplementation with ethanolic extract of the plants significantly reduced the elevated urinary oxalate, showing a regulatory action on endogenous oxalate synthesis. Both the plant extract showed significant antiurolithiatic activity

Zeenath banu

Stem cells hold great promise for tissue regeneration and have the potential to treat many incurable degenerative diseases. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), or cancer initiating cells, have the ability to self-renew and differentiate into heterogeneous lineages of cancer cells. Current stem cell therapies face limitations, such as limited stem cell sources, time consumption, tumor formation, and immune rejection upon allogeneic transplantation. Allogeneic stem cell treatments simplify stem cell manufacturing and reduce transplant time, but their therapeutic potential is limited by human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched donors. CSCs retain characteristics essential for tissue regeneration. However, several limitations hinder cancer stem cell reprogramming with pluripotent factors. The development of 3D culture models for tissue imitating extracellular matrix in cancer cell lines aims to enhance CSC enrichment. This mini-review focuses on a new strategy for treating incurable degenerative diseases involving in vitro and in vivo 3D cancer models and the induced differentiation of CSCs into mature normal cell types. This allows tissue survival without immune rejection and offers a safe alternative to cancer stem cell reprogramming with pluripotent factors. In conclusion, preservation and banking of allogeneic CSCs offer an alternative, readily available, and safe strategy that can be used to facilitate stem cell-based cell therapy.

Josita alloysius

Multiple choice questions (MCQs) and short essay questions (SEQs) are common methods of the assessment of medical students in courses of pharmacology. Poorly constructed test items (questions) are a widespread problem resulting in failure to assess learning objectives. It has been reported that there are 36.0% to 65.0% flawed test items in medical education assessment tools. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate MCQs by determining the item writing flaws (IWFs) and to evaluate the SEQs by determining the cognitive level of each item. Four pharmacology tests were administered to third-year pharmacy students at Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Omar Al-Mukhtar University, Bayda, Libya. These were evaluated by determining the IWFs and the level of the cognitive domains. Based on Buckwalter’s modification of Bloom’s taxonomy cognitive level, for the SEQs, 30.0% of the questions were attempted to check recall of information, 26.0% were attempted to evaluate understanding and interpretation of data and 43.0% of the questions were attempted to check the application of knowledge for solving a particular problem. For the MCQs, 94.6% of the questions were attempted to evaluate the understanding and interpretation of data. For the IWFs, there were more than 40.0% of flawed questions. The most common writing flaws were the negative stem (47.4%), unfocused item (16.0%), non-homogenous in grammar and contents (10.0%), all the above (10.0%) and clang association (05.0%). In a short essay, the SEQs were of excellent quality because they were equally distributed among the three levels of cognitive (level I, II and III). On the other hand, the most common mistakes IWFs of the MCQs were the negative stem (47.0%) and the idea was not clearly and concisely stated in the stem (16.0%). This study concludes that questions in SEQs are valid to measure the learning objective but MCQs were not in pharmacology courses in Libya.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Financial sector needs special attention pertaining to incorporation of the ESG criteria. Economic and financial issues coupled with climate change would have negative impact on the stability of financial institutions. This research paper attempts to synthesize and summarise scholarly articles published in Scopus database on ESG domain with reference to banking sector using bibliometric analysis. The objective of this review paper is to understand from past literature the trajectory of studies in the domain of ESG. There is a substantial growth in frequency of publication in the year 2022 along with annual growth of around 30 percent during 2015-2023. Bibliometric with MS-Excel, R-Studio and VOS-viewer were used to identify and analyze research trends related to the number of studies, research fields, authors, nations, institutions, and keywords. The important keywords identified in the bibliometric analysis were sustainability, corporate social responsibility, sustainable finance, banks performance.

Dr. mohammed nizamuddin

Justificativa e objetivo: O uso inadequado da estatística básica é o maior responsável peloerro de interpretac ̧ão dos artigos científicos. O objetivo deste artigo de revisão foi rever algunstópicos básicos de estatística para alertar autores e leitores sobre a importância do relatoadequado da estatística básica.

Kamal singh

A simple, precise, accurate, sensitive, specific and reliable stability indicating RP-HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of Miconazole (MIC) and Ornidazole (ORN) in pharmaceutical dosage form. The method was developed with mobile phase containing buffer (0.05M potassium dihydrogen ortho phosphate, ph3.5): Methanol in the ratio of 25:75, C18 (250 x 4.6mm, 5µm) as a stationary phase and flow rate was 1 ml/min. Detection was carried out at 236nm in UV-2000 detector. The selected chromatographic conditions were found effectively to separate Miconazole and Ornidazole at 6.58 and 3.26 min respectively. The proposed method has been validated for precision, accuracy, robustness. Thus, the statistical analysis confirms that developed methods were successfully used for analysis of formulation and thereby can be used for routine analysis of drugs in Quality Control laboratories.

Prachi barbhaiya

Verbesina encelioides, a plant with a rich history in traditional medicine, is commonly known as golden crownbeard or cowpen daisy. Despite its widespread use, scientific validation of its therapeutic potential, particularly its analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, remains limited. Our study is designed to comprehensively evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of methanol extracts from various parts (leaves, stems, flowers, and roots) of V. encelioides in animal models. Acute toxicity, antinociceptive effects (heat plate and tail flick tests), and anti-inflammatory activity (carrageenan-induced inflammation) were tested in Swiss albino mice and Wistar albino rats. The acute toxicity assay showed no adverse effects in mice up to 1000 mg/kg, a highly encouraging result. In analgesic studies, V. encelioides extracts showed dose-dependent increases in reaction times similar to aspirin. Different extracts had different effects on paw edema in anti-inflammatory testing; some at first increased inflammation but eventually showed significant decreases, especially at higher dosages. These results offer a positive perspective on V. encelioides' possible medicinal use. These results provide a positive perspective on Verbesina encelioides' possible therapeutic use. The results imply that extracts from the plant, which are abundant in bioactive substances such as flavonoids, phenolics, and alkaloids, may have applications in treating pain and inflammation. These results highlight the plant's medicinal potential and suggest that more research and development could help address pain and inflammation naturally.

Dr. salman ahmed

La problématique de l’accès à l’eau potable soulève de nombreux enjeux de développement au regard des impacts qu’elle génère en milieu rural. C’est pourquoi plusieurs organisations internationales œuvrent aux côtés de l’Etat ivoirien afin de garantir un accès durable et sécurisé à cette ressource pour les populations. Cependant, il existe encore des zones en Côte d’Ivoire où les populations continuent de vivre au quotidien des pénuries d’eau potable. C’est le cas de la Sous-Préfecture de Gboguhé où cette problématique entrave considérablement le développement socioéconomique des villages. Partant de ce contexte, cette contribution tente d’analyser les impacts de la pénurie d’eau potable dans cette zone en s’inscrivant dans une perspective socioanthropologique. Pour ce faire, elle se base sur une approche essentiellement qualitative, mobilisant les techniques de revue de littérature, d’entretiens semi-directifs et d’observations directes pour la production de données. L’étude révèle que la pénurie d’eau potable dans la sous-préfecture de Gboguhé est un facteur de vulnérabilité chez les populations locales au regard des impacts sociaux, économiques, sanitaires et territoriaux qu’elle entraîne.

Dr. kabran aristide djane

Field studies were carried out in wet seasons of 2014 and 2015 in rice fields of College Farm, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad to understand the abundance and biodiversity of spiders in varied rice cultivation systems. Design of the experiment was split plot with three main modules, viz., transplanted, broadcasted and drum sown rice and subtreatments under each main module included three plant protection methods viz., organic protection, farmers’ practices and ‘no protection’ practices. Results showed that predator numbers in ‘no protection’ and organic protection plots of all main treatments were more than in farmers’ practices indicating the impact of the chemical pesticides. A total of 22 genera of spiders belonging to 12 families were recorded which comprised of seven guilds based on their hunting strategies and microhabitats. Shannon diversity index ranged between 1.83 and 2.26 and Pielou’s evenness index was 0.59-0.72 in two years of study indicating a stable ecosystem and even species distribution in rice crop at Rajendranagar. Study of the guild assemblage indicated that orb-weavers constituted 28.1% of the population, ground runners 23.51%, space web builders 18.38%, sheet-web builders 13.12%, stalkers 8.04% and ambushers made upto 0.38% of the spider population. Understanding the vertical stratification of various spider genera on the plant gave further insight into the prey preferences of these predators.

Gorthi anitha

Cloud computing is a technology of delivering resources such as hardware, software (virtual too) and bandwidth over the network to the consumers worldwide. All the services are requested and accessed through a web browser or web service. The main advantage that cloud is provided to the nation worldwide is that it is not so easily affordable to one and all. Multi-conglomerate companies invest a lot of money on the cloud and let people access it for a smaller cost and even free at the lowest level of the consumer chain. In this paper we address to the problems that the cloud technology faces and how it can be overcome.

Pavan m

Supply chain management, especially in manufacturing companies, is very important as the companies rely on the raw materials needed for production. Moreover, the success of a company is also determined by how it could gain competitive advantage to compete in the industry. It is proven that a company with effective supply chain management and competitive advantage would perform better. The purpose of this research is to see the effect of supply chain management and competitive advantage on company performance conducted at PT Ahlindo Perkasa Alam. This research uses quantitative method with Census sampling of 32 employees working in the company. The test results show that Supply Chain Management and Competitive Advantage have a positive significant effect on Company Performance at PT Ahlindo Perkasa Alam as much as 76.1%.

Lila maria kaban

The aim of the study was to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of four different colored (green, yellow, orange, and red) sweet bell peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) are available at the local market in Karachi, Pakistan. Their 95% ethanol extracts at 200 and 400 mg/kg were prepared and compared with commonly used analgesics (aspirin) and anti-inflammatory agents supporting its traditional use. The analgesic effects of 95% ethanol extracts of Capsicum annum L. were investigated by acetic acid-induced writhing, tail immersion and hot plate test. The anti-inflammatory activities were observed using carrageenan-induced edema of the hind paw in rats. Animals were divided into ten groups (n=7): (1) Control (2) CAG 200 (3) CAG 400 (4) CAR 200 (5) CAR 400 (6) CAO 200 (7) CAO 400 (8) CAY 200 (9) CAY 400 and (10) Standard. All the extracts were given orally. Acute toxicity was also determined by increasing the dose to 3000 mg/kg, which showed no evidence of mortality. All extracts of Capsicum significantly increased the hot plate pain threshold and remarkably reduced the carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema. Results obtained were compared with the corresponding control group, revealing that the fresh fruit extract of all four kinds of bell pepper (200 mg/kg and 400mg/kg) possess anti-inflammatory and pain-suppressing activities possibly mediated via PG synthesis inhibition

Dr. salman ahmed

Background: While osteoporosis increases the risk of fragility fractures, bisphosphonate has been proven to increase bone strengthand reduce the risk of vertebral and non-vertebral fractures. In addition to its efficacy, substituting the brand with generic medication isa strategy to optimize healthcare expenditures. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of generic alendronate treatment and assesspotential adverse events in patients with osteoporosis.Materials and Methods: A retrospective review was conducted on 120 patients who met the indications for osteoporosis treatment,received weekly generic alendronate (70 mg) for >1 year, and underwent evaluation through standard axial dual-energy X-rayabsorptiometry (DXA). The outcomes of this study were the percent change in bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine,femoral neck, and total hip after one year of treatment. The major adverse events occurring during medication that led to thediscontinuation of drug administration were documented.Results: Most patients were female (96.7%) with an average age of 69.0 ± 9.3 years. The percent change in BMD increased at all sitesafter one year of generic alendronate treatment (lumbar spine: 5.6 ± 13.7, p-value <0.001; femoral neck: 2.3 ± 8.3, p-value = 0.023;total hip: 2.1 ± 6.2, p-value = 0.003), with over 85% of patients experiencing increased or stable BMD. Three patients discontinued themedication due to adverse effects: two had dyspepsia, and one had persistent myalgia.Conclusion: Generic alendronate may be considered an effective antiresorptive agent for osteoporosis treatment with a low incidenceof adverse effects

Saran malisorn

Formulation of the least cost rations that provides the nutrient requirements of birds is an important goal in poultry production . The aim of the present study was to create an application in the Excel program for formulation of low-cost poultry diets that provide adequate nutritional requirements using linear programming based on the Solver function of the Excel program and composition of common feed ingredients used in poultry diets (yellow corn, wheat, soybean meal , barley, wheat bran, protein concentrate, limestone, table salt, di-calcium phosphate, vitamins and minerals premix ,and vegetable oil), if their default prices are 500, 450, 750, 350, 250,1750, 250, 100, 500, 4500,and 1500) Iraqi Dinar / kg, respectively. The results showed that the Solver function in - Excel can be used to solve linear programming models such as those used for formulation of least cost poultry rations. This Microsoft Excel application is ready to use and can be used to assist researchers and students in formulating poultry rations that provide the desired nutritional requirements of poultry at the lowest cost. Key words : Application

Rafea mohammedtaher khulel

Urolithiasis is a common worldwide problem with high recurrence. This review covers forty four (44) families starting from alphabet A to L and includes Bignoniaceae (05); Araceae, Burseraceae, Combretaceae (04); Annonaceae, Berberidaceae, Betulaceae, Gentianaceae, Gesneriaceae (03); Aizoaceae, Adiantaceae, Alismataceae, Aristolochiaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Bombacaceae, Cannabaceae, Cyperaceae, Geraniaceae and Iridaceae (02); Acoraceae, Adoxaceae, Armatellaceae, Aquifoliaceae, Araliaceae, Averrhoeaceae, Basellaceae, Begoniaceae, Bromeliaceae, Cactaceae, Calophyllaceae, Campanulaceae, Caprifoliaceae, Caricaceae, Celastraceae, Clusiaceae, Dracaenaceae, Dryopteridaceae, Elaeagnaceae, Grossulariaceae, Hyacinthaceae, Hydrangeaceae, Hypoxidaceae, llecebraceae and Juglandaceae (01) plant used globally in different countries. The plants of three families Asteraceae, Fabaceae and Lamiaceae are revisited to provide updated information. This review will not only be useful for the general public but also attract the scientific world for antiurolithiatic drug discovery.

Dr. salman ahmed

The transportation problem is widely applied in the real world. This problem aims to minimize the total shipment cost from a number of sources to a number of destinations. This paper presents a new method named Dhouib-Matrix-TP1, which generates an initial basic feasible solution based on the standard deviation metric with a very reduced number of simple iterations. A comparative study is carried out in order to verify the performance of the proposed Dhouib-Matrix-TP1 heuristic.

Souhail dhouib

Urolithiasis is a common worldwide problem with high recurrence. This review covers twenty-three (23) families starting from alphabet S to Z. It includes Solanaceae (12); Zingiberaceae (09); Scrophulariaceae and Urticaceae (08); Verbenaceae (07); Ulmaceae, Valerianaceae and Vitaceae (05); Zygophyllaceae. (04); Sapotaceae, Saxifragaceae and Typhaceae (03); Smilacaceae (02); Salicaceae, Salvadoraceae, Santalaceae, Simaroubaceae, Tamaricaceae, Tiliaceae, Theaceae, Tropaeolaceae, Violaceae and Xanthorrhoeaceae (01) plant used globally in different countries. Hopefully, this review will be helpful for the general public and attract the scientific world for antiurolithiatic drug discovery.

Dr. salman ahmed