Objective: To determine the association between oral health literacy, oral hygiene and gingival health status. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among patients attending University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City. Data were collected through interviewer-administered questionnaires. Index used in this study for estimating oral health literacy levels was Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry- 30 (REALD-30). The participant’s oral hygiene status was assessed using the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index while gingival health was assessed using the Gingival Index. Results: Two hundred and eight participants with 130 (62.5%) males and 78 (37.5%) females formed the population of the study and their mean age was 28.32 ± 10.5 years. The prevalence of low oral health literacy was 86 (41.3%). The oral hygiene status of most of the participants 100 (48.1) was fair. The prevalence of gingivitis was 58.2%. Oral health literacy had significant statistical negative correlation with age, oral hygiene and gingival health status. Oral health literacy consistently emerged as a predictor of oral hygiene and gingival health status. Conclusion: Majority of the participants with low oral health literacy had fair/poor oral hygiene status (p = 0.000, OR= 17.870, 95% CI = 7.320-43.627) and gingivitis (p = 0.000, OR= 7.054, 95% CI = 3.514-14.164).

Hope inegbenosun

This paper aims to investigate the trend of human resource disclosure (HRD) quality based on publicly disclosed annual reports of 235 Malaysian listed companies. The data was collected through content analysis method using HRD index. The results reveal that there is an increasing trend of HRD quality from 2010 to 2014. However the significant increase is only between 2012 and 2013. This study provides empirical support for Institutional theory’s coercive isomorphism, through its findings on quality of HRD. This is because, the related disclosure regulations and the Malaysian government policy through Malaysia Plan may have significantly influenced firms to increase HRD quality in their annual reports.

Asyraf afthanorhan

This study aims to examine and compare the levels and patterns of aggressive behavior among higher secondary students in rural, semi-urban, and urban areas. Aggression among adolescents is a significant concern, and understanding its variations across different settings can provide valuable insights for intervention and prevention strategies. The study employs a review-based research design, using articles published between 1993 and 2023 to collect data on aggressive behavior of higher secondary students. For this purpose, a review of the literature was performed by using the search words “aggressive behavior”, “higher secondary students”, “rural”, “semi-urban”, “urban” in the databases like Google Scholar, ResearchGate, Academia, Shodhganga, PubMed, JSTOR and Elsevier for articles. The results will shed light on the prevalence, types, and potential factors influencing aggression in these areas, informing the development of targeted interventions and policy recommendations and statistical analyses will be employed to examine the relationships between variables. Importance and Scope of the Topic: Aggressive behavior is a topic that affects us all. From playground bullies to road rage enthusiasts, aggressive behavior has a significant impact on our daily lives. Understanding the causes and consequences of aggression is crucial in finding ways to prevent and manage such behavior. After all, the world would be a much better place if we all knew how to calm down and express our frustrations in healthy ways.

Abdul jaleel kuzhiyengal mambra

Abstract The main objective of this paper is to examine the nexus between the reforms that have been carried out in Nigeria concerning the power sector, and the implications of the reforms on the transformation of agro-allied industries. The power sector, no doubt, can be said to have the potential that can propel national development considering the overall importance of energy to the survival of the nation in terms of job creation, industrial development and sustenance as well increase in revenue generation and Foreign Direct Investment opportunities, among others. The unfortunate situation, however, is that in spite of a number of policies enunciated by successive governments aimed at improving on the power sector, not much has been achieved. The multiplier effect of this kind of development has been seen in the widespread epileptic power shortages, downward spiral of efforts towards industrial development drive; unemployment, shortage of national revenue accruing to government coffers, bourgeoning and rising poverty levels, to mention but a few. All of these have further contributed to the growing army of problems currently being witnessed in the country at the moment. This study is a theoretical exposition of the existing works of scholars and experts in the broader field of power sector reforms. The paper is exploratory in structure and method of its investigation. The study concludes and recommends that in view of the prevailing socio-economic circumstances in Nigeria, genuine reforms in the energy sector devoid of political rhetorics will go a long way in mitigating some of the challenges of contemporary times in the power sector

Canice erunke

Alternative Learning System (ALS) has been adopted in Philippine basic education, yet there is no academic institution in the region prepares ALS teachers in teaching life skills. ALS teachers graduated from different programs of teacher education for formal education. In response, an extension project was conceptualized and implemented to enhance the teaching capacity and effectiveness of ALS teachers. Case study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the project. It explored the transfer of life skills among ALS teachers. Data were collected from multiple sources. Interview and written responses, and feedback were analyzed using thematic narrative analysis. Other data were analyzed using document and descriptive analyses. The project had achieved its objectives and rated best by participants. These indicate that the project was implemented effectively and successfully. ALS teachers have acquired life skills and transferred them to others. Thus, the project has made a difference in the lives of these teachers.

Manuel caingcoy

Jobelyn® is a multi-functional natural dietary supplement made from Sorghum bicolour with very high anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities. The study investigated the role of Jobelyn® in the attenuation of oxido-inflammatory markers induced by tramadol use, abuse and discontinuation over 17 days in rats. The experimental observational study was carried out using male adult albino rats weighing between 100 and 170 g. The experimental design involved five groups. Rats were randomly divided into groups of five, consisting of group 1 (normal control rats), and group 2 (rats treated with tramadol at 40 mg/kg/day) were administered for 10 days and discontinued for seven days. Group 3 administered incremental doses of tramadol from 40 mg/kg/day to 100 mg/kg/day over 10 days and discontinued for seven days. A similar treatment protocol was administered for group 4 and group 5 but were treated with Jobelyn® at a dose of 200 mg/kg/day at the discontinuation phases for seven days. Behavioral assessments (elevated plus maze model of anxiety and open field model of locomotor activity) and biomarkers of oxido-inflammatory stress were assessed. Tramadol-treated groups had significant anxiety responses and locomotory deficits in comparison to the control group. Tramadol-treated groups had significant elevations of nitrites and malondehyde and reduced enzymatic markers such as catalase, glutathione, reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, G-s-transferase, glutamic acid decarboxylase and increased activity of acetylcholinesterase when compared to control group. Administration of Jobelyn® attenuated the responses and ameliorated the oxido-inflammatory biomarkers similar to levels in control group. Tramadol induces oxido-inflammatory stress markers in the prefrontal, striatum and hippocampus in rats. Anxiety and locomotory behavioral actions on tramadol treatment were elevated despite discontinuation for seven days. Thus, Jobelyn® at 200 mg/kg/day ameliorated oxido-inflammatory markers induced by tramadol and decreased anxiety responses in albino rats.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Human resource management is critical for hospitals but is frequently disturbed by employee retention issues. This research aims to determine the influence of compensation, organizational commitment, and work motivation on employee retention at Malahayati Medan. The research method applied is quantitative research by collecting data through questionnaires distributed from July to October 2022. The sampling method used is purposive sampling, with 78 employees as the sample. The data analysis method used is descriptive statistics, coefficient determination, multiple linear regression analysis, and hypothesis testing with t-test and F-test. The results of the t-test are compensation, organizational commitment, and work motivation partially influence employee retention. The results of the F test showed that all independent variables simultaneously influence employee retention and 61.1% of employee retention is influenced by compensation, organizational commitment, and work motivation. It is recommended for companies in similar industries pay attention to the results of this research.

Lila maria kaban

BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer is the second‑most common cancer among women in the developing world and approximately 500,000 cases are diagnosed each year. In developed countries, cervical cancer (CCa) accounts for only 3.6% of newly diagnosed cancers. OBJECTIVE: The present study aims to identify the most effective barriers associated with CCa screening uptake in low and middle-income countries (L and MICs) and aid to adopt effective measures to overcome prevailing barriers to the attainment of CCa uptake in the community. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Health sciences electronic databases like MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane library, and Google Scholar were searched for studies published until August 2017. Keywords used for the search were ("cervical cancer screening"), ("barriers"), AND ("low income countries" OR "Middle income countries"). Articles were reviewed and data were extracted by using Mendeley Desktop Software (V‑1.17.10). Income-level classification of countries was done as per the World Bank 2017 report. Statistical software like SPSS‑V.23 and Medical‑V.14 were used for the statistical application. RESULTS: A total of 31 studies met the inclusion criteria with a total of 25,650 participants. The sample size of the included studies ranged from 97 to 5929 participants. Articles majorly reported data on participants from African region (51.6%) and minimally in the Western Pacific region (3.2%). Sampling methods among studies varied from convenience sampling‑12 (39.7%) to consecutive sampling‑1 (3.2%). Besides, two studies (6.5%) did not discuss their sampling procedures. It was observed that “Lack of information about CCa and its treatment” (Barrier of lack of knowledge and Awareness); “Embracement or shy” (Psychological Barrier); “Lack of time” (structural Barrier); and “Lack of family support” (Sociocultural and religious barrier) were the most commonly reported among all 22 barriers. CONCLUSION: There is a need of policies advancement of CCa screening programs by focusing on aspects of accessibility, affordability, CCa education, and the necessity of screening to improve screening uptake to control the CCa morbidity and mortality rate in L and MIC’s.

Nagarjuna narayanasetti

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force in the healthcare domain, revolutionizing various aspects of medical research, diagnostics, treatment, and patient care. This paper provides an overview of recent developments and applications of AI in healthcare, highlighting its potential to enhance efficiency, accuracy, and accessibility in medical practices. The integration of machine learning algorithms, natural language processing, and computer vision techniques has enabled AI systems to analyze vast amounts of medical data, support clinical decision-making, and personalize treatment plans. Additionally, AI-powered technologies play a crucial role in predictive analytics, early disease detection, and the optimization of healthcare workflows. Despite the promising advancements, challenges related to data privacy, ethical considerations, and regulatory frameworks need to be addressed to fully harness the benefits of AI in healthcare.

Dhruvitkumar talati

Kegiatan belajar mengajar siswa disekolah yang berpusat pada guru mengakibatkan siswa hanya menerima mata pelajaran secara pasif pembelajaran yang seperti ini mengakibatkan siswa kurang berminat dalam mengikuti pembelajaran tematik,proses pembelajaran yaitukurang maksimal pelaksanaan proses pembelajaran yang diterapkan sehingga peserta didik kurang menarik dengan pembelajaran dan metode yang sebelumnya, Sehingga berpengaruh kepada pemahaman siswa. Berdasarkan latar belakang Fokus dalam penelitian ini adalah 1)Bagaimana Perencanaan metode Rol Playing pada pembelajaran tematik di Madrasah IbidaiyahDarul Ulum Sukorambi Jember tahun pelajaran 2018/2019? 2)Bagaimana Pelaksanaanmetode Rol Playing pada pembelajaran tematik di Madrasah Ibidaiyah Darul Ulum Sukorambi Jember tahun pelajaran 2018/2019? 3) Bagaimna evalusai Metode Role Playingpada pembelajaran tematik di Madrasah Ibidaiyah Darul Ulum Sukorambi Jember tahun pelajaran 2018/2019? Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah: Perencanaan metode Role Playing pada pembelajaran tematik di kelas IV yaitu: dengan menyusun Program tahunan, program semester, silabus dan RPP(Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran) dan dikembangkan dalam RPP dengan menggunakan metode Role Playing sehingga setiap siswa dapat memahami materi yang telah dipelajarinya.

Educare: journal of primary education

Human being has lot of virtual mask in their behaviour (mind or brain). By the way of probability study alone, be able to find a person’s loyalty through their emotions, stress of speech, way of expressions and so on. It is not a novel technique to this world. The judgement and the hearings are finalizing in accordance to passed parameters (questions, transparent as well hidden test) and the result. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is one of the best methods meant for speech stress analysing based cheap lie detection for the loyalty test. To show the results, polygraph is a comprehensible demonstration oriented approach. These methods are already used by the insurance fraud investigations and police. Through an individual’s stress (stress percentage or else range) voice as well their emotions are able to detect the loyalty. Lie detection techniques require being extremely confidential and dynamic. For the reason that voice stress analysis (VSA) parameters have to be an encrypted for avoiding speech practise with testing tool. Here this paper, outlooks by using for predicting the liars through Speech VSA.

Dr h shaheen

Viral hepatitis is one of the main public health concerns around the world. Even though infection management techniques have been implemented over the last few decades, eradication or significant reduction has remained a mystery. The purpose of this study is to look into the prevalence of acute infectious hepatitis in the East of Libya and how the type of virus, age, gender, clinical manifestations, and outcome are related. This is a hospital-based retrospective study. The data on the frequency and distribution of viral hepatitis based on age, gender, seasonal, clinical, and ultrasound findings, and the outcomes during a period of two years from January 2020 to December 2021 were collected and analyzed. Of the 0.39% (72 cases) of total hospital admissions (18340) under the age of 15 years old for acute infectious hepatitis patients, the most common age group was 5-12 years (79.6%). Winter accounted for 41.6% of all the cases. Females made up 65.3% of the cases. Jaundice was the most prevalent presentation (87.5%). Hepatomegaly was seen in 83.3% of the patients. Most of the cases have mild hyperbilirubinemia (5-9 mg/dL, 75.0%). Approximately 1/5th of the patients' serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGPT), and nearly 1/3rd of the patients' SGPT levels were in the range of 1000-2000. One patient's hepatitis C was positive, one patient's hepatitis B was positive, and 97.2% were positive for hepatitis A. 88.8% of the individuals recovered without complications, whereas 11.1% showed symptoms of hepatic failure but recovered. The present study indicates that acute hepatitis A is more prevalent, especially in the winter. Those who are females and 5-12 years of age were more affected by acute viral hepatitis in Libya.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

Influenza A virus presents a significant public health burden worldwide, with the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic being the most dramatic example. Swine influenza viruses can be transmitted to humans through occupational exposures and in live pig markets. Novel variants can emerge in pigs because they can be infected by human, avian and swine strains. This study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence and serotypes of swine influenza in pigs from a major slaughter slab in southern Kaduna. Using competitive ELISA and haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) assays, 305 swine sera were analysed. The result showed an overall seroprevalence of 28.20% (n=86), with H3N2 7.87% (n=24) emerging as the most dominant subtype in circulation. Concurrent antibody detection of H1N1 in 5.26% (n=16) was also detected in boar 2.62% (n=8) and sows 2.62% (n=8). This study revealed swine Influenza H1N1 and H3N2 serotypes are in circulation in pigs in Kaduna State, and that reassortment in the instance of co-infection of swine host is possible.

Bitrus inuwa

The need for natural medicine and nutrients from natural product sources cannot be overstressed. Plant parts like leaves, stem, root, seed, nut and flowers supply enormous minerals, phytochemicals and other bioactive constituents apart from the primary metabolites. Terminalia Catappa (T. catappa) is a combretaceous plant often found in tropical and subtropical regions. The plant has many uses as an ingredient of various drugs such as anti-oxidants, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-diarrheal. Thus, the main objective of this study was to determine the proximate, mineral and physicochemical analysis of T. catappa seed nuts. The proximate composition was determined according to the previous standard methods and elemental analysis by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry and Flame Photometer. Proximate composition revealed a moisture content of 02.34%, ash 03.89%, fibre content 08.50%, crude protein 29.66%, fat 21.98% and carbohydrate 33.63%. Elemental analysis of the plant have indicated the presence of iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, copper and chromium in the aqueous extract. Physicochemical parameters of the plant revealed a specific gravity of 0.9182, viscosity 33.62 mm2/s, refractive index 1.4642, acid value of 0.102 mg KOH/g, saponification value of 151.28 mg KOH/g, iodine value 47.19 g I2/100 g and peroxide value 8.93 meq/kg. In conclusion, the findings from this study confirmed that almond nut oil has a long shelf life which may explain its applications in pharmaceutical, non-pharmaceutical and personal care industries.

Mediterranean journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences

This Research Paper elucidates the challenges faced by teachers while teaching learners with learning disability. This has been conducted as a research study by the Research Scholar which explores multifaceted aspects of ‘challenges based on the responses given by the participants in the interview. It is a study designed to identify multifaceted dimensions of challenges faced by teachers while teaching learning disabled children. The research study analyzes the impact of challenges on teachers and how they are overcoming these challenges. This descriptive study was carried out as qualitative research under an Indian scenario based on Primary data available on the subject. The research enquiry focused on several research questions: What is the teacher’s understanding of learning disability? What challenges do remedial teachers face while teaching children with learning disability and how do they overcome them? What are the teaching approaches and methodology used to teach children with learning disability? The study will try to highlight the challenges faced by teachers to address them in front of the school administration. The challenges faced by teachers while teaching learning disabled children, i.e., ‘Teaching material and Curriculum structure’, ‘Behavioural issues’, ‘Lack of time’, ‘Parental expectations and Parental issues’, ‘Motivation’, ‘Self-esteem’ and ‘Emotional issues. The methods used to overcome these challenges were pointed out and analyses. Each teacher was using their own methods to tackle these challenges but some methods were used generally and an individual tailored method were developed and used according to respective learners.

Hashir ahammed a v

Poor water quality and lack of access to improved sanitation continue to pose a significant threat to human health. The burden of disease analysis suggests that lack of access to safe water supply, sanitation and hygiene is the third most significant risk factor for poor health in developing countries with high mortality rates. Diarrhoea is the leading disease associated with unsafe water supply, sanitation and hygiene and is responsible for the deaths. The study observed that out of the 150 respondents, 37% are 31-40 years, followed by 20-30 years with 32%. 130 (86.7%) respondents have got married, and 61% of the respondents are female. 85% adopted the nuclear family system, and 50% of respondents are illiterates in the study areas. 85% of respondents are daily wage earners, 37% are earnings rupees between 2000-2500 per month. 27% of respondents are landless labours, and 37% of households possess below 2 acres of land. 40% of respondents suffer from health problems, and 44% consume rice as their staple food. 62% of respondents have debts, and 33% got from money lenders. 62% of respondents do not have toilet facilities and go open defecation. 92% of respondents stated that toilet makes dignity, saves time and energy, saves their children school days, makes adolescent girls privacy, save wage loss, and toilet makes quality life.

B suresh lal

Technology is very important in this day and age. There are so many fields that use technology, one of which is in the field of education. Even though Indonesia is still in a situation of the Covid-19 pandemic, education must remain number one by maximizing technology, especially in the field of communication. In this study discussed the role of technology during the distance learning process, especially for students at the SD / MI level. The formulation of the problems in this study are (1) How is the distance learning process using educational technology media for SD / MI students during the Covid-19 pandemic?; (2) What are the problems that occur in the distance learning process using educational technology media for SD / MI students during the Covid-19 pandemic?; (3) What is the solution to problems in the distance learning process by using educational technology media for SD / MI students during the Covid-19 pandemic? While the method used to answer the formulation of the problem is qualitative research with an analytic description approach, interviews and literature study, the focus of which is the role of technology and educational media for students at the SD / MI level during the Covid-19 pandemic. The results showed that the distance learning process was carried out using Zoom Cloud Meeting media, WhatsApp group and Google Classroom. The problem that occurs during the distance learning process is usually a signal problem that is not good and sometimes students feel bored when doing online learning so they are playing, lying down, and eating snacks. The solution that the teacher takes to overcome this problem is to provide weekend projects on Saturdays and Sundays. Tehnologi merupakan hal yang sangat penting di masa sekarang ini. Banyak sekali bidang yang memanfaatkan teknologi, salah satunya di bidang pendidikan. Meskipun Indonesia masih berada dalam situasi pandemi Covid-19, namun pendidikan harus tetap di nomor satukan dengan memaksimalkan teknologi khususnya bidang komunikasi. Di dalam penelitian ini dibahas mengenai peran teknologi selama proses pembelajaran jarak jauh terutama bagi peserta didik pada tingkat SD/ MI. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini yaitu (1) Bagaimana proses pembelajaran jarak jauh dengan menggunakan media teknologi pendidikan bagi Siswa SD/MI di Masa pandemi Covid-19?; (2) Apa saja permasalah-permasalahan yang terjadi dalam proses pembelajaran jarak jauh dengan menggunakan media teknologi pendidikan bagi Siswa SD/MI di Masa pandemi Covid-19?; (3) Bagaimana solusi permasalahan dalam proses pembelajaran jarak jauh dengan menggunakan media teknologi pendidikan bagi Siswa SD/MI di Masa pandemi Covid-19? Metode Penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian Kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskripsi analitik, wawancara dan studi literatur kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan (1) proses pembelajaran jarak jauh dilakukan dengan menggunakan media Zoom Cloud Meeting, Whatsapp grup dan Google Classroom. (2) Permasalahan yang terjadi pada saat proses pembelajaran jarak jauh adalah adanya kendala sinyal yang kurang bagus dan terkadang siswa merasa bosan ketika sedang melakukan pembelajaran daring sehingga mereka sambil bermain, tiduran, dan memakan cemilan. (3) Solusi yang dilakukan oleh guru untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut adalah dengan memberi weekend project di hari Sabtu dan Ahad.

Educare: journal of primary education

Social engineering is a method of information security that allows for system or network access. When victims are unaware of techniques, models, and frameworks to prevent them, social engineering attacks happen. In order to stop social engineering attacks, the current research describes user studies, constructs, assessment, concepts, frameworks, models, and techniques. Sadly, there isn't any specific prior research on mitigating social engineering attacks that thoroughly and efficiently analyzes it. Health campaigns, human security sensor frameworks, user-centric frameworks, and user vulnerability models are examples of current social engineering attack prevention techniques, models, and frameworks. Guidance is required to examine cybersecurity as super-recognizers, possibly acting as police for a secure system, for the human as a security sensor architecture. This research aims to critically and systematically analyze earlier material on social engineering attack prevention strategies, models, and frameworks. Based on Bryman & Bell's methodology for conducting literature reviews, we carried out a systematic review of the available research. Using a protocol, we discovered a novel strategy to stop social engineering assaults in addition to approaches, frameworks, models, and assessments, based on our review. We discovered that the protocol can successfully stop social engineering assaults, including health campaigns, the susceptibility of social engineering victims, and co-utile protocol, which can control information sharing on a social network. This comprehensive evaluation of the research is what we're presenting in order to suggest safeguards against social engineering assaults.

Mahesh donga

Urolithiasis is a very old and common urological disorder with its worldwide prevalence, multi-factorial etiology, increased recurrent rate and severe consequences. The adverse effects of currently available antiurolithiatic agents potentiate natural product researchers to explore natural antiurolithiatic compounds with fewer side effects. The presented communication is actually a review of the antiurolithiatic effect of four hundred and fifty-seven (457) plants belonging to one hundred and eight (108) families found in different parts of the world. This review will provide helpful information for discovering natural antiurolitiatic compounds and fill the gaps in knowledge.

Dr. salman ahmed

Apprenticeship is one way of learning by doing. The Student Apprenticeship Program (SAP) or Apprenticeship as referred to in this study is a curricular program of the Institute of Accounts, Business and Finance (IABF) of the Far Eastern University - Manila. It aims to enhance the preparation of the students for actual employment after college graduation. A study was conducted on the sixty-nine (69) Business Administration interns of a private university in Manila during the first semester of academic year 2017 - 2018. Performance Evaluation Forms were distributed to all the supervisors of host companies. Evaluation forms were personally monitored by the Apprentices Adviser which made it possible to collect a 100% response. A sort of quantitative analysis was used to analyze the information provided for in the evaluation forms. The purpose of this study is to assess the interns’ performances and skills as well as their strengths and weaknesses based upon the personal and direct observation by the supervisors of the various host companies. This study will also find the gap in the interns’ skills based upon the Institute expectation and observation by the supervisors. The study is limited to one time observation by supervisors of various host companies. This study is underpinned by sociocultural theory, cognitive apprentice theory, situated learning theory and the 21st Century Skills Framework.

Dr. leonardo f. cada, jr.